See astup on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*stuppō",
"Reconstruction:Latin/stuppo"
],
[
"stuppa",
"stuppa#Latin"
],
[
"astupa, astup",
"astupa#Romanian"
],
[
"shtupoj",
"shtupoj#Albanian"
],
[
"stuppari",
"stuppari#Sicilian"
],
[
"attuppari",
"attuppari#Sicilian"
],
[
"stupar",
"stupar#Venetan"
],
[
"stuppar",
"stuppar#Romansh"
],
[
"étouper",
"étouper#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*adstuppō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *adstuppō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "stuppa"
},
"expansion": "Latin stuppa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "astupa",
"3": "astupa, astup"
},
"expansion": "Romanian astupa, astup",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtupoj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shtupoj",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "stuppari"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian stuppari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "stupar"
},
"expansion": "Venetan stupar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "stuppar"
},
"expansion": "Romansh stuppar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étouper"
},
"expansion": "French étouper",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *adstuppō < *stuppō, from Latin stuppa. Compare Romanian astupa, astup, Albanian shtupoj; compare also Sicilian stuppari, attuppari, Venetan stupar, Romansh stuppar, French étouper.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astupã",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatã",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i-long"
]
},
{
"form": "astupare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i-long"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãnda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãmu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupash",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupashi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astupat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astuparã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparishi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupãm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupãmu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupatsã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pp": "astupatã",
"pres3s": "astupã"
},
"expansion": "astup (third-person singular astupã, participle astupatã)",
"name": "rup-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "astupari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "astupare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "astupat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "astupãturã"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "astupãtoari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "distup"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plug"
],
"id": "en-astup-rup-verb-USKLccqG",
"links": [
[
"plug",
"plug"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to anger a person unintentionally"
],
"id": "en-astup-rup-verb-BCRgIbx6"
}
],
"word": "astup"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astup",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astupa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of astupa"
],
"id": "en-astup-ro-verb-2iuVFoZU",
"links": [
[
"astupa",
"astupa#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[aˈstup]"
}
],
"word": "astup"
}
{
"categories": [
"Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Aromanian lemmas",
"Aromanian terms derived from Latin",
"Aromanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Aromanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Aromanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Aromanian verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*stuppō",
"Reconstruction:Latin/stuppo"
],
[
"stuppa",
"stuppa#Latin"
],
[
"astupa, astup",
"astupa#Romanian"
],
[
"shtupoj",
"shtupoj#Albanian"
],
[
"stuppari",
"stuppari#Sicilian"
],
[
"attuppari",
"attuppari#Sicilian"
],
[
"stupar",
"stupar#Venetan"
],
[
"stuppar",
"stuppar#Romansh"
],
[
"étouper",
"étouper#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*adstuppō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *adstuppō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "stuppa"
},
"expansion": "Latin stuppa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "astupa",
"3": "astupa, astup"
},
"expansion": "Romanian astupa, astup",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtupoj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shtupoj",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "stuppari"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian stuppari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "stupar"
},
"expansion": "Venetan stupar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "stuppar"
},
"expansion": "Romansh stuppar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étouper"
},
"expansion": "French étouper",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *adstuppō < *stuppō, from Latin stuppa. Compare Romanian astupa, astup, Albanian shtupoj; compare also Sicilian stuppari, attuppari, Venetan stupar, Romansh stuppar, French étouper.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astupã",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatã",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i-long"
]
},
{
"form": "astupare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i-long"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãnda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãmu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupash",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupashi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupãm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astupat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astuparã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparishi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astuparit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupãm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupãmu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupatsã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s-astupe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astupã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astupats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsã",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupatsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astupu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pp": "astupatã",
"pres3s": "astupã"
},
"expansion": "astup (third-person singular astupã, participle astupatã)",
"name": "rup-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "astupari"
},
{
"word": "astupare"
},
{
"word": "astupat"
},
{
"word": "astupãturã"
},
{
"word": "astupãtoari"
},
{
"word": "distup"
},
{
"word": "dop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to plug"
],
"links": [
[
"plug",
"plug"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to anger a person unintentionally"
]
}
],
"word": "astup"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astup",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astupa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of astupa"
],
"links": [
[
"astupa",
"astupa#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[aˈstup]"
}
],
"word": "astup"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astup meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.